In order to better explore the influencing factors of peanut growth, this study explored the influence of geographical environment on peanut quality based on peanut quality traits in 30 environments of 12 peanut varieties and their corresponding geographical environments from 2018 to 2020, and used coefficient of variation, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis to explore the influence of geographical environment on peanut quality. The results showed that oil content was positively correlated with ≥10 °C active accumulated temperature and sunshine hours during the whole growth period. Protein is negatively correlated with latitude and mean wind speed. Oleic acid was positively correlated with average temperature. Linoleic acid was positively correlatedwith latitude and negatively correlated with average temperature. In this study, temperature, precipitation, temperature difference between day and night, sunshine hours during the whole growth period, average wind speed and relative humidity were the main meteorological factors affecting the quality of peanuts. The results played an important guiding role in giving full play to the geographical advantages of peanut quality.