A two-year agronomic trait survey was conducted on 179 foxtail millet accessions which are homonyms of the four famous landraces (Qinzhouhuang, Taohuami, Longshanxiaomi and Jinmi), 51 accessions including the four original varieties were selected for nutritional quality analysis. The results showed that the quantitative traits of 179 accessions were significantly different from each other, while the quality traits did not differ much among the varieties. The correlation analysis showed that there are strong correlation between ear diameter and ear weight as well as stalk weight and kernel weight of single ear. Principal component analysis showed that the first four principal components explained 84.51% of the cumulative variation. The composite score F-value was calculated based on the results of principal component analysis, and the highest composite score was obtained for Yintianhan-19 (F=2.25) and the lowest composite score was obtained for Bocaigen-75 (F=-1.33). Cluster analysis based on agronomic traits revealed that the 179 accessions were classified into four clusters with relatively concentrated clustering within homonyms varieties and greater similarity of agronomic traits. The differences in nutritional quality among the four categories of famous foxtail millet were small, and the differences in all nutritional quality indexes except crude fiber were not significant. The correlation analysis revealed that crude protein and crude fat showed a strong positive correlation; starch showed a strong negative correlation with protein and fat. The principal component analysis showed that the first six major components explained 88.41% of the cumulative variation and could basically cover the information of the 10 nutritional qualities. Based on the principal component analysis of nutritional qualities, the top ranked varieties were Bocaigen-77, Bocaigen-33, Bocaigen-44, Papocao-15, Jugenqi-25 and Yintianhan-13, combined with the comprehensive scores of different accessions.