海南省审定水稻品种的基本特性分析
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1.三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院;2.中国水稻研究所;3.海南省种子总站;4.华南农业大学 广州

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三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院“南繁专项”(YBXM06);三亚崖州湾科技城科技专项 (SCKJ-JYRC-2022-87);海南省崖州湾种子实验室揭榜挂帅项目(B21HJ0218)。Foundation projectsThe Project of Nanfan Special Project, CAAS (YBXM06);The Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (SCKJ-JYRC-2022-87); The Project of Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory (B21HJ0218).


Analysis on Characteristics of Rice Varieties Certified in Hainan Province
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The Project of Nanfan Special Project, CAAS (YBXM06); The Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (SCKJ-JYRC-2022-87); The Project of Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory (B21HJ0218)

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    摘要:

    水稻是海南省最主要的粮食作物之一,然而其粮食自给压力大,培育优质高产抗逆水稻品种、提高水稻总产量是保障海南粮食安全的重要途径。本文对2003-2021年期间通过海南省审定的水稻品种的产量、米质、抗性等农艺性状进行数据分析,根据品种各性状的年际间变化、品种分布频率以及性状间的相关性等,分析海南品种的基本特性。2003-2021年海南省共通过审定水稻品种383个,品种类型主要为杂交籼稻品种,占71.3%;审定品种的区试和生试产量水平反映出海南水稻单产水平不高;品种性状上,每穗粒数在110~160粒的中小穗型居多;稻瘟病抗性或白叶枯病抗性水平有待提高,双抗品种的占比不到0.5%;品种的直链淀粉含量偏高,但年际间数据为缓慢下降的趋势,达到食用籼稻品质一级~三级的水稻品种占比约为24%,米质水平整体上较一般。基于此,在海南水稻的产量提升、品种抗性和米质改善等各方面,都需要种质的创新和突破,培育优良水稻新品种。另外,还可修订水稻品种审定的标准、加强水稻栽培研究和推广方面的力度等来促进海南水稻生产水平的提升。通过良种加良法的配套,为保障海南粮食安全发挥更好的支撑作用,也可以更好地推动海南自贸港的建设。

    Abstract:

    Rice is one of important staple crops serving as the primary food supply in Hainan Province. However, food self-sufficiency in Hainan Province is low. Breeding elite rice varieties and improving rice yield are important to ensure food security. Based on the panel data of rice varieties certified in Hainan Province from 2003 to 2021, total information of the rice varieties during these 19 years was studied, and 14 traits data including rice yield, disease resistance and rice quality were analyzed. Results showed that 383 rice varieties were certified in Hainan Province in recent 19 years, including hybrid rice varieties of approximately 71.3%. The yield of the varieties in regional trials and production trials reflected the low level of rice yield per mu in Hainan. In terms of variety traits, the certified varieties were mainly with 110-160 grains per panicles, which might be characteristic due to Hainan climate conditions. Most of the varieties were not resistant to blast or bacterial blight, with less than 0.5% of double resistant varieties. The amylose content of the varieties was relatively high, but a slowly decreasing trend was demonstrated with the years went by. Only about 24% of the rice varieties reached the third grade and above of the indica rice quality, which meant a poor level of the rice quality totally. Therefore, in order to improve rice yield, variety resistance and rice quality, germplasm innovation and breakthrough are needed to breed new rice elite varieties in Hainan province. In addition, it is also necessary to revise registration standard for rice variety and strengthen researches on rice cultivation and extension of elite rice varieties to improve the level of rice production in Hainan Province. The combination of elite varieties and good cultivation could better ensure food security and could also promote the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-24
  • 最后修改日期:2023-02-01
  • 录用日期:2023-02-15
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-02-23
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