中国原产十字花科植物诸葛菜的基因组及遗传研究
作者:
作者单位:

1.贵州中医药大学中药民族药资源研究院;2.华中农业大学植物科学技术学院

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基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(39300081,39770467,30070413)


Genome and Genetics of the Crucifer Orychophragmus violaceus Native to China
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;2.College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University

Fund Project:

Natural Science Foundation of China (39300081,39770467,30070413)

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    摘要:

    诸葛菜(Orychophragmus violaceus,别称二月兰)为我国原产的十字花科观赏植物,也是芸苔属作物遗传改良的种质资源。本文总结了诸葛菜的细胞遗传学、与芸苔属栽培种杂种的细胞学行为、性状的染色体定位、长链双羟基脂肪酸的发现等方面的研究进展。诸葛菜(2n=24)的基因组较大(大约1GB)、染色体较长、染色均匀。诸葛菜及其单倍体的减数分裂配对行为揭示出其基因组的同源多倍体性质。最新的基因组测序结果也表明,诸葛菜二倍体祖先具有x=7的tPCK核型,其在大约600-800万年前经历了一次特异的基因组四倍化事件,然后经过染色体重组及着丝粒失活产生现在的n=12的基因组。诸葛菜(作父本)与芸苔属六个栽培种(母本)的属间杂种所表现出的母本特异的细胞学行为,与双亲的基因组结构和固有的染色体行为有关;诸葛菜染色体因表现体积较大与染色较深的特征,而易于与芸苔属染色体相区别。通过创建甘蓝型油菜-诸葛菜附加系,将诸葛菜的锯齿叶、基部多分枝、紫花、双羟基脂肪酸合成等几个性状定位到特定的染色体上。诸葛菜种子油中富含长链双羟基脂肪酸、具有比蓖麻油更好的润滑效果。诸葛菜还具有潜在的药用价值。最后,对今后诸葛菜的研究及利用进行了讨论。

    Abstract:

    The crucifer Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz (syn. Moricandia sonchifoli (Bunge) Hook. f.) is an ornamental plant native to China and serves as the germplasm resource in the genetic improvement of the Brassica crops. In this review, the research progress and status of its cytogenetics, cytological behavior of its intergeneric hybrids with the Brassica crops, the chromosomal localization of some traits, and the discovery of the dihydroxylated fatty acids are summarized. O. violaceus (2n=24) has the large genome size of ~1GB and the long chromosomes with the homogenous staining. The meiotic pairing patterns of O. violaceus and its haploid reveal the polyploidy nature of its genome. The latest results from the genome sequencing revealed that the ancestral diploid of this species should likely have the tPCK karyotype with x=7, and experienced one specific tetraploidization event occurring at 600-800 million years ago, which gave rise to the extant genome of n=12 by chromosomal rearrangements and the inactivation of centromeres. With O. violaceus as the male parent, the intergeneric hybrids with six cultivated Brassica species give the cytogenetical behaviors specific to each Brassica parent, which are likely associated with the genome structures and inherent cytological patterns of two parents. The chromosomes from O. violaceus are clarified easily from those of Brassica species in these hybrids, as they are of larger size and more deeply stained. The traits of the serrated leaves, the basal clustering stems, purple petals and dihydroxylated fatty acids are localized on different chromosomes via the development of the Brassica napus- O. violaceus additional lines. The dihydroxy fatty acids with high content are discovered in its seed oil and present the better lubricant effect than the castor oil. O. violaceus has also potential medicinal value. Finally, the future research and utilization for Orychophragmus species are discussed.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-05
  • 最后修改日期:2022-09-12
  • 录用日期:2022-09-27
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-10-08
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