老鹰茶主要基源植物的基因组大小及特征分析
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1.河南鸡公山国家自然保护区管理局;2.贵州大学茶学院

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基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(31900272)


Estimation of Genome Size and Genomic Characteristics of the Main Source Plants for Making Hawk-tea by Flow Cytometry and K-mer Analysis
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Henan Jigongshan National Nature Reserve Administration;2.College of Tea Science at Guizhou University

Fund Project:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (31900272)

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    摘要:

    老鹰茶是一种重要的民族特色类茶饮品和保健茶,在我国民间有着较长的饮用历史。用于制作老鹰茶的基源植物主要为五种樟科植物(毛豹皮樟、狭叶润楠、川黔润楠、红果黄肉楠和香叶子),其遗传学与分子生物学等方面的基础研究十分缺乏,导致老鹰茶树种质资源发掘与利用等工作支撑理论薄弱,制约了产业发展。本研究首次利用流式细胞术和K-mer频数分析两种方法对五种老鹰茶树的基因组大小及基本进行了分析。流式细胞术以番茄(929 Mb)和水稻(430 Mb)为内标;K-mer频数分析基于五个物种基因组DNA的Illumina测序数据(深度50X以上)进行。主要研究结果如下:(1)通过流式细胞术测定的毛豹皮樟基因组大小约为1,150.56 ± 20.47 Mb,狭叶润楠约为999.83 ± 25.02 Mb,川黔润楠约为1,471.99 ± 16.31 Mb,红果黄肉楠约为1,123.42 ± 10.24 Mb,以及香叶子约为1,350.06 ± 37.28 Mb;(2)K-mer频数分析估测川黔毛豹皮樟基因组大小为1025.91 Mb,杂合率1.29%,重复率49.98%;狭叶润楠基因组大小为1024.79 Mb,杂合率1.41%,重复率42.51%;润楠基因组大小为1234.90 Mb,杂合率1.23%,重复率50.86%;红果黄肉楠基因组大小为1014.27 Mb,杂合率1.32%,重复率41.82%;香叶子基因组大小为1258.00 Mb,杂合率0.74%,重复率54.89%;(3)毛豹皮樟、狭叶润楠、川黔润楠和红果黄肉楠四种老鹰茶树属于高杂合基因组,香叶子属于微杂合基因组,而这五个物种的基因组重复度都属于中等。本研究的结果为后续的老鹰茶树单个物种基因组测序策略或泛基因组研究计划等工作提供了可参考的基础数据。

    Abstract:

    Hawk tea is a kind of refreshing and folk tea drink with a long drinking history in China. The primary plants used for making Hawk-tea are mainly five trees from Lauraceae family, including Litsea coreana var. lanuginosa, Machilus rehderi, Machilus Chuanchienensis, Actinodaphne cupularis, and Lindera fragrans. Whereas their studies on genetics and molecular biology remain preliminary with less supports on the exploration and utilization of these germplasm resources, which restricts the development of the Hawk-tea industry. In this study, flow cytometry and K-mer frequency analysis were performed to estimate the genome size and genomic characteristics of the five tea-like species. In flow cytometry the genomes of tomato (929 Mb) and rice (430 Mb) were used as internal control, and K-mer frequency analysis was performed using Illumina sequencing data (depth above 50X). The main results are as follows: (1) By flow cytometry, the genome size of L. coreana var. lanuginosa was 1,150.56 ± 20.47 Mb, M. rehderi was 999.83 ± 25.02 Mb, M. Chuanchienensis was 1,471.99 ± 16.31 Mb, A. cupularis was 1,123.42 ± 10.24 Mb, and t L. fragrans was 1,350.06 ± 37.28 Mb; (2) By K-mer frequency analysis, the genome size of L. coreana var. lanuginosa was 1025.91 Mb, with a heterozygosity rate of 1.29% and repetition rate of 49.98%; the genome size of M. rehderi was 1024.79 Mb, with a heterozygosity rate of 1.41% and repetition rate of 42.51%; the genome size of M. Chuanchienensis was 1234.90 Mb, with a heterozygosity rate of 1.23% and repetition rate of 50.86%; the genome size of A. cupularis was 1014.27 Mb, with a heterozygosity rate of 1.23% and repetition rate of 50.86%; the genome size of L. fragrans was 1258.00 Mb, with a heterozygosity rate of 0.74% and repetition rate of 54.89%. (3) Except for L. fragrans, four hawk-tea trees showed high heterozygous genome with medium repetitive elements. The results of this study can provide information for the genome sequencing of individual species or pan-genome research projects.

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哈登龙,石冠红,刘 争,等.老鹰茶主要基源植物的基因组大小及特征分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2022,23(4):1166-1174.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-22
  • 最后修改日期:2022-01-16
  • 录用日期:2022-03-03
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-07-08
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