茄科蔬菜野生资源的研究与利用
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中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所

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基金项目:

国家科技资源共享服务平台(NICGR2018-15);农作物种质资源保护项目(2019NWB037)


Research and Utilization of Wild Resources of Solanaceae Vegetables
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Affiliation:

Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Fund Project:

National Crop Germplasm Resources Infrastructure in China(NICGR2019-15),Species conservation project of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(2019NWB037)

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    摘要:

    番茄、辣椒、茄子是全球栽培的茄科蔬菜。自然进化造就了适应起源地生境的丰富的茄科植物野生种,而人类在对茄科野生植物的长期驯化和栽培过程中,由于栽培环境的变化和人们消费取向的不同,使其产量和商品品质在不断得到提升的同时,抗生物和非生物逆境的能力逐步下降、某些功能性成分丧失。因此,生物学家和育种家纷纷将注意力转向了茄科野生资源,期望从野生种中寻找到优异的性状或基因,突破相关作物遗传改良的瓶颈。本文对茄科主要栽培蔬菜番茄、辣椒、茄子的野生资源的研究和利用进展分别进行了综述。我们概述了野生优异资源的发现、重要性状基因定位和基因克隆、基因组学和功能基因组学研究、远缘杂交、分子辅助育种、转基因和基因编辑等,等。可望为野生茄科资源的深入挖掘以及在茄科蔬菜作物遗传改良中的高效利用提供指导。

    Abstract:

    Tomato, pepper and eggplant are the economically-imporant vegetables of Solanaceae cultivated worldwide. Natural evolution has resulted in abundant wild Solanaceae species adapted to the habitat of their origin zones. Over the long-term domestication and cultivation of Solanaceae wild plants, their yield and commodity quality have been continuously improved to meet the change of cultivation environments and the favors of people. However, the resistances upon biotic and abiotic stresses have been gradually decreased due to the losses of several functional components. The biologists and breeders have thus repeatedly turned their attention to the wild resources of Solanaceae in order to explore excellent characters or genes from wild species and break down the bottleneck of genetic improvement. In this paper, the theoretical research and applied utilization of wild resources of tomato, pepper and eggplant have been reviewed. We outlined the discovery of wild elite resources, gene localization and molecular cloning of important characters, genomics and functional genomics studies, distant hybridization, molecular assisted breeding, transgene and gene editing etc. Thus, this paper could provide guidance for the further excavation of wild Solanaceae resources and their utilization in genetic improvement of Solanaceae vegetables.

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王洋,李锡香,王海平,等.茄科蔬菜野生资源的研究与利用[J].植物遗传资源学报,2020,21(6):1468-1482.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-06-25
  • 最后修改日期:2020-08-10
  • 录用日期:2020-08-20
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-11-05
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