Elite germplasm resources are the basis and prerequisite for breeding new crop varieties of high yield and quality. Creating sweet maize mutant library is of great significance to the breeding of new varieties and molecular breeding research of maize. In this study, ethyl methylsulfonate (EMS) was used to mutagenize the pollen of sweet maize inbred line ‘Hua-tian-xuan H-16-2-2-3’ for artificial pollination and construction of the first sweet maize EMS-mutagenized mutant library in China. Through field screening and phenotypic investigation, we obtained 24363 mutant plants of M2 generation with important agronomic traits of growth period, anthesis-silking interval, angle between stem and upper leaves, leaf size, tassel posture, male fertility, plant height, ear height, ear row number, grain color, grain size, grain shrinkage affected. Preliminary phenotypic screening of 2000 M2 mutants was carried out in the field, and gene mapping of some mutants caused by single recessive nuclear gene mutation was analyzed by high throughput sequencing. On the basis of the above work, the first domestic sweet corn germplasm resource sharing database was proposed to provide valuable experimental materials and genetic resources for sweet corn breeding and gene function research, and to promote the sharing of sweet corn breeding related resources.