From 2015 to 2018, the survey and germplasm collection of pepper germplasm resources were conducted in 80 townships (towns) from 44 counties (districts) in Guangxi province, China. The distribution, morphological types, agronomic trait and excellent characters of the collected resources were analyzed. As a result, 144 pepper germplasm resources were collected and they were mainly distributed in the west and north regions of Guangxi. These germplasm accessions were mainly found to grow at an altitude from 0 to 300 metres. Two morphological types consisting of finger shape pepper and horn shape pepper accounted from the large proportion in pepper germplasm of Guangxi. Moreover, six pepper germplasm resources with excellent characteristics were identified, including Shangsi color pepper, Zhongshan bell pepper, Huangping pepper, Xilin pickled rod chilli, Lipu pod pepper and Ningming pepper. The elite germplasm resources might lay a foundation for future use in breeding and innovation of new materials.