It is very important for inheritance and plant breeding to definite the changes of agronomic traits and the relationship with production. Agronomic traits and production of 249 soybean germplasms were investigated under field condition for 2 years, and multi-statistics analysis was then applied to analysis the results. The results showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) of germplasm of soybean based on agronomic characters and production were 6.2%-78.0% and 6.3%-48.5%, respectively. CV for growth period was small because of the similar ecotype of the germplasm resources in the area of Huang-Huai-Hai plain. CV for stem nodes number was also small. CVs for plant height, effective branch number, bottom pods height, the pods number per plant, grain number of single plant, number of seeds per pod, grain weight per plant, 100-seed weight and yield per unit area were large. Agronomic traits and production were significant different between cultivars. Effects of ecological factors (including temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours) of different years on agronomic characters and production of soybean were large. Agronomic traits between different years were also significantly different. Agronomic traits could be simplified for 4 independent indexes correlating with production by using principal component analysis in 2 years. Furthermore, it could be quantified the relationship between agronomic characters and production according to establish set of equation Y=17.5-1.76x1+1.32x2+0.30x3+2.50x4 and Y=198.8-3.12x1+7.71x2+0.08x3+2.71x4 in 2 years between them. The characters of all type cultivars in 2 years were analyzed by using the method of cluster analysis for 5 types, respectively, to provide theoretical basis for breeding new soybean cultivars of high and stable yield.