Xinjiang is one of the origin and diversity center of deciduous fruit trees and the gene bank for quality breeding. In recent years，important progresses have been made in the evaluation，mining and innovative utilization of germplasm resources of wild fruit forests and deciduous fruit trees in Xinjiang，such as Malus sieversii（Ledeb.）M. Roem.（wild apple）and korle pear. The significant achievements are listed as follows：（1）Studies have clarified that Malus sieversii is the ancestral species of cultivated apples，and its evaluation，mining and innovative utilization have achieved important results，（2）The Xinjiang korle pear，which originated from the hybrids of Eastern and Western pears，has strong heritability of high quality and storability，and is an important parent resource for pear quality breeding，（3）Yili wild apricots and southern Xinjiang cultivated apricots have played an important role in domestication of cultivated apricots. The hybridization and breeding of superior lines broke down the genetic isolation among the three natural apricot groups in Kuqa，Kashgar and Hotan，providing support for the good seeding of more than 200，000 hectares of southern Xinjiang apricots，（4）Xinjiang Wild Cherry Plum is one of most important species in genus Prunus L.. The ex-situ planting of wild cherry plum resources resulted in breeding for the plum varieties.