Vegetables of the genus Allium L. with high diversity are very important in the vegetable production. The viability of the short-lived seed of Allium is easily reduced or even lost during storage. A total of 610 accessions of 6 species of allium vegetables in the National Medium-term Genebank of Vegetable Germplasm Resources, including 267 accessions of A. tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng., 226 accessions of A. fistulosum L., 40 accessions of A. ascalonicum L., 67 accessions of A. cepa L., 8 accessions of A. porrum L., and 2 accessions of A. ampeloprasum L. were evaluated for seed germination. The results indicated that the seed viability of the 6 species of allium vegetable resources declined significantly after 21-30 years storage, with A. ascalonicum and A. cepa the most seriously, that the initial germination percentage of the seeds put in storage heavily affected the viability of the seeds during storage, and that the different genotypes of the same species of allium vegetables also showed difference in longevity.