Access and benefit sharing (ABS) is one of three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which entered into force in 1993.The adoption of the Nagoya Protocol by COP-10 of the CBD at Nagoya, Japan, on 29 October 2010, was a landmark decision in global governance of natural resources. COP-10 decided to establish the Open-ended Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Committee for the Nagoya Protocol (ICNP) to undertake the preparation necessary for COP/MOP-1. Its three meeting (ICNP-1, ICNP-2 and ICNP-3) has been held from 2011 to 2014 in Canada, India and Korea. It was proposed to be in force 90 days after the date when the fiftieth country or regional organization had ratified it. So it would enter into force during COP-12 and the COP/MOP-1 will be held at Pyeongchang, Korea, from 13 to 17 October 2014. The paper summarizes the background, the focus of key issues, negotiation process and dymatics of the issue of ABS, analyses positions, strategies and roles of the main groups of countries, such as EU, the Africa Group, Switzerland, and non-state actors, such as non government organization (NGOs) and other actors, discusses post-Nagoya the trend of the issue of ABS and the challenges faced to China.